A long-running law allowing U.S. intelligence agencies to collect overseas communications without warrants is set to expire April 30th, sparking a debate over protecting Americans from warrantless surveillance.

Section 702 of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) has allowed sweeping data collection since 2015, but bipartisan lawmakers are now pushing for major reforms. They aim to curb ‘backdoor search’ loopholes and prevent agencies from buying commercial data about Americans.

The White House seems open to a simple re-authorization without changes, raising questions over the necessity of reform. However, given technological advancements that make surveillance easier, some argue legislative fixes are essential.

Meanwhile, legal quirks may allow surveillance powers to continue for years even if FISA expires, highlighting the complexity and secrecy surrounding U.S. intelligence gathering.