While Chinese companies are racing to erect large-scale nuclear reactors, the United States is focusing on smaller microreactors. The Chinese strategy of using standardisation and bulk production has seen their nuclear fleet nearly double since 2016, totalling close to 60 gigawatts.

In contrast, the US has built only two reactors in that period, with most investment now going into compact models. Yet, these smaller reactors come with their own challenges: high initial costs and complex regulatory processes.

The race is on to meet burgeoning energy demands while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, whether China’s big-is-better approach or America’s small-and-trendy strategy will ultimately prevail remains uncertain.

China’s commitment to large reactors is bolstered by substantial government investment and a streamlined project management system that allows for faster construction times. Meanwhile, smaller reactors are attracting interest from private sectors eager to power data centres.

The future of nuclear energy could hinge on which approach proves more efficient and practical in the face of escalating electricity needs.